The specialty of nephrology and urology is one of the important subspecialties of internal medicine, and it takes care of all the disorders and diseases that affect the urinary system, and the specialist doctor organizes different treatment protocols that suit each patient according to his condition.
The urinary system is one of the important organs of the body that performs many vital vital functions that regulate and affect the activity of the rest of the body’s systems, and the occurrence of injury or inflammation in any of the organs of the urinary system causes a disturbance in its functions, which harms the general health of the patient and may even threaten his life.
The urinary system basically acts as a filter that purifies the blood of toxins, metabolic compounds, salts, and excess water, and gets rid of them all in the form of urine. As a result of performing this function, the rest of the body’s systems regain their activity and vitality to complete the vital processes and functions.
Blood enters the kidneys through a dense network of arteries.
The kidneys act as a blood filter, separating toxins from important nutrients such as minerals and proteins.
Important and beneficial nutrients return to the blood again and the kidneys get rid of toxins by collecting them and forming urine.
The kidneys make urine drop by drop and collect it in the renal pelvis to be picked up by the ureters and transported to the bladder.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, and each of these organs has a specific function in the process of purifying blood and ridding the body of toxins:
The human body contains two kidneys in the pelvic area on both sides of the spine, and the size of one kidney is approximately the size of a fist. The kidneys work permanently as the blood passes through it and purifies it from toxins that come out of the body in the form of urine and the blood returns clean to complete the blood circulation to the rest of the organs the body.
Each kidney is connected to a ureter, a thin tube that exits the kidney pelvis, carrying urine to the bladder.
The bladder is like a balloon and consists of a muscular wall and is located in the pelvic area, in which urine collects until it reaches a certain size, then its muscles contract to get rid of it through the process of urination.
It is the external channel that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the human body. It is a delicate tube that we find in men in the penis and in women it is an opening in front of the vagina.
This is in addition to the role of the kidneys in maintaining a balanced fluid level in the body and secreting some hormones responsible for stimulating the spinal cord to produce red blood cells and regulating blood pressure in the body.
The urinary system and kidneys are exposed to many disorders and infections, in addition to some defects and congenital malformations. The most important diseases that the urologist deals with are:
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common and most common diseases among all age groups, and infection may occur as a result of viral, bacterial or fungal infection and affect any member of the urinary system.
Some children are born with birth defects and anatomical defects in the urinary system, and these abnormalities cause the kidneys to function in general with growth. On the other hand, some deformities may occur in adults, such as the case of women's depression after pregnancy or during menopause, and this type of disease requires surgical intervention to treat it.
Kidney stones are also a well-known urinary tract disease, as the stones are formed as a result of the process of urine formation, and their size varies from case to case. In some patients, the stones may come out with the urine without the need for medical intervention, but in others, the doctor may resort to performing surgical procedures to break up the stones.
Nerves control the bladder and the muscles around it and regulate the process of urination. Some people may develop a bladder control disorder, which causes uncontrollable urination. It usually affects women during or after pregnancy, and also with chronic cough patients.
There are a range of diseases that directly affect the kidneys such as autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic high blood pressure and chronic renal failure. Excessive use of painkillers and some types of medications without consulting a doctor also affects the kidneys and affects their activity and function.
